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Compare Cape Verde (2001) - Macau (2002)
Compare Cape Verde (2001) z Macau (2002)
| Cape Verde (2001) | Macau (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal; note - there may be a new administrative structure of 16 districts (Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
42.79% (male 87,458; female 85,895) 15-64 years: 50.76% (male 97,812; female 107,834) 65 years and over: 6.45% (male 10,204; female 15,960) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)
15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish | rice, vegetables |
| Airports | 8 (2000) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
8 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2000) |
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total:
4,033 sq km land: 4,033 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly larger than Rhode Island | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves. Most Cape Verdeans descend from both groups. Independence was achieved in 1975. | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. |
| Birth rate | 28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$188 million expenditures: $228 million, including capital expenditures of $116 million (1996) |
revenues: $1.15 billion
expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Praia | - |
| Climate | temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
| Coastline | 965 km | 41 km |
| Constitution | new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde |
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
| Currency | Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) | pataca (MOP) |
| Death rate | 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $260 million (2000) | $1.5 billion (1998) |
| Dependency status | - | special administrative region of China |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael D. METELITS embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16 FAX: [238] 61 13 55 |
the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Ferdinand Amilcar Spencer LOPES chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston |
none (special administrative region of China) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $111.3 million (1995) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for almost 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 1998 was only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances constitute a supplement to GDP of more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2001 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. | Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. |
| Electricity - consumption | 37.2 million kWh (1999) | 1.476 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 1 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 175 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 40 million kWh (1999) | 1.4 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island) |
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
| Environment - current issues | overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other |
| Exchange rates | Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.080 (December 2000), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997), 82.591 (1996) | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note: the election was won by only twelve votes |
chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms |
| Exports | $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) |
| Exports - commodities | fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides | clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras |
| Exports - partners | Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia | US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $670 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
13% industry: 19% services: 68% (1998) |
agriculture: 1%
industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 6% (2000 est.) | 0.5% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 16 00 N, 24 00 W | 22 10 N, 113 33 E |
| Geography - note | strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland |
| Highways | total:
1,100 km paved: 858 km unpaved: 242 km (1996) |
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe | - |
| Imports | $250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels | clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock |
| Imports - partners | Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US | China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) |
| Independence | 5 July 1975 (from Portugal) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys |
| Infant mortality rate | 53.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4% (2000) | -2% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 1,500 to 2,000 hectares (1999) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region |
| Labor force | NA | 218,000 (2001) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km |
| Land use | arable land:
11% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) |
| Legal system | derived from the legal system of Portugal | based on Portuguese civil law system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2 |
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
69.21 years male: 65.93 years female: 72.6 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 81.78 years
male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 71.6% male: 81.4% female: 63.8% (1995 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
| Location | Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China |
| Map references | World | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
not specified |
| Merchant marine | total:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT ships by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 |
| Military branches | Army, Coast Guard/Marines | no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $4 million (FY96) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.8% (FY96) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
89,543 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
50,615 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 5 July (1975) | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day |
| Nationality | noun:
Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean |
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
| Natural hazards | prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active | typhoons |
| Natural resources | salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | -12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr. Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president] | there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] |
| Population | 405,163 (July 2001 est.) | 461,833 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.92% (2001 est.) | 1.75% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal | Macau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 73,000 (1997) | 160,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene) | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
effective system, being improved domestic: interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which was scheduled for completion in 1998 international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 45,644 (2000) | 176,902 (November 2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 19,729 (1997) | 158,251 (November 2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) |
| Terrain | steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic | generally flat |
| Total fertility rate | 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 24% (1999 est.) | 6.5% (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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